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- Hesiod (c. 8th century BC)
- Orphic Communities (c540 BC - ?)
- Pythagoras (?580-?500 BC) and
the Pythagoreans
- Herodotus (484-425BC)
- Empedokles (?480-430BC)
- Socrates (?470-399 BC)
- Antisthenes (?445-365 BC)
- Plato (?427-?347 BC)
- Diogenes (?412-?323 BC)
- Aristotle (384-322BC)
- Theophrastus (?372-?287BC)
- Epicurus (341-270BC)
- Cicero (Roman) (106-43 B.C.)
- Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) (43 BC
- AD 17)
- Seneca (c.5 BC - AD 65)
- Plutarch (Greek) (c.AD 46-c.120)
- Plotinus (Roman) (?205-?270)
- Porphyry (Greek) (233 -
304)
- Iamblichus (Greek) (c.250-c.325)
- Emperor Julianus 331-363 A.D.
- Christian and Western Literature 5th Century to 16th Century
Book review:
- Animal Minds and
Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate by Richard Sorabji
(book review)
- early Greek/Christian philosophy.
Complete old books:
- Hesiod's Works and Days (PDF 6mb) contained in Homer's Batrachomyomachia, hymns and epigrams; Hesiod's Works and Days; Musæus' Hero and Leander, trans. George Chapman, London,1858. Hesiod (c.8th Century BC) Describes a 'golden age' of a plant based diet.
- The Fragments of Empedocles (PDF 5mb) trans. W.E. Leonard Ph.D., Chicago, 1908. Part 2 says much about transmigration of souls and the Orphic/Pythagorean traditions.
- Plato's Republic (PDF 7mb) trans. Lewis Campbell M.A., LL.D., London, 1902. In Books II & III Plato (428-347 BC) develops the dietary ideas of Pythagoras.
- The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (PDF 15mb) by Diogenes Laertius (?412-?323 BC), trans. C. D. Yonge B.A., London, 1853. Includes a section on Pythagoras, animals as food etc.
- Ovid's Metamorphoses (PDF 42mb) By Publius Ovidius Naso (43 BC - AD 17). This edition pub. London 1822. Book 15, p.516 is a biography of Pythagoras. p.519: 'He first forbid animal food to be served up at the tables
of men'.
- Seneca's Morals (PDF 17mb) - by Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c.5 BC - AD 65) - trans Sir Roger L'Estrange, New York, c.1870. "I gave over eating of flesh", p110
- Plutarch's Morals Vol.5 (PDF 27mb) by Plutarch (c.AD 46-c.120)- edited by W. W. Goodwin Ph.D, Harvard, 1878. Includes the essay 'Of Eating Flesh'
- Select Works of Porphyry: Containing His Four Books On Abstinence from Animal Food; etc. (PDF 10mb) - Porphyry (233-304 AD), trans. T. Taylor, London, 1823
- The works of the Emperor Julian . . . translated from the Greek (PDF 37mb) pub. 1798. p.178: Julian . . . lived on vegetables (several references to his Pythagorean diet.)
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